{"id":3574,"date":"2016-01-26T07:12:28","date_gmt":"2016-01-26T07:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/apo.org.ph\/?p=3574"},"modified":"2016-02-21T13:39:25","modified_gmt":"2016-02-21T13:39:25","slug":"peace-work-frank-reed-hortons-vision-for-friendship","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apo.org.ph\/?p=3574","title":{"rendered":"PEACE WORK: Frank Reed Horton\u2019s Vision for FRIENDSHIP"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"FRH<\/a>

Frank Reed Horton circa 1960<\/p><\/div>\n

Peacemaking, peacebuilding, peacekeeping (the \u201cno-guns\u201d kind), peace advocacy, active non-violence. Though each one has a nuance, they basically belong to the same field of endeavor: PEACE WORK. Regardless of the variations, peace is BOTH the process and the end result. As Mahatma Gandhi had said, \u201cThere is no way to peace. Peace is the way.\u201d<\/p>\n

I have worked in the field of \u201cpeace and conflict\u201d as a member of the \u201cdevelopment sector\u201d here in Mindanao since 2002. Becoming one was happenstance. Working in villages where battles were once fought between the military and the freedom fighters, or doing actual shuttle diplomacy with my\u00a0bosses between a brigade or battalion commander on one end and a base commander on the other, was definitely far from my mind as a career path. And in the beginning, I never realized I could actually draw a straight line connecting peace work to the ideals of Alpha Phi Omega. But it happened. And now I am living the life (well, at least part of it) that Frank Reed Horton had envisioned for the APO member to live. How so? Let me expound.<\/p>\n

The Literary Basis<\/span><\/p>\n

One of the envisioned expressions of the Cardinal Principle of Friendship of Alpha Phi Omega can actually be gleaned from two written sources, among others. They are:<\/p>\n

1. The articles written by Frank Reed Horton himself about the founding of APO, and<\/p>\n

2. The articles written by others narrating how Frank Reed Horton founded APO.<\/p>\n

In particular, \u201cThe Story Behind the Founding (the Torch & Trefoil, December 1960 version), and the document \u201cIn the Beginning\u201d. Both documents narrate the \u201crationale and background\u201d of how and why Alpha Phi Omega was conceived, relevant excerpts pointing to that envisioned expression of \u201cFriendship\u201d can be lifted from these. They are:<\/p>\n

1. Though quite ambitious, Horton had made it clear in the quote below that, aside from that \u201cstandard of manhood\u201d he would like to hold up before us, he wanted to try to help the nations of the world settle their disputes in a more sensible and legal manner than by war (through us the members, or more accurately, through the help of APO organizations that may be established over the course of time).<\/p>\n

\u201cBecause of these experiences, I made a firm resolution within myself that if I returned alive, I would try to do two things and do them with all my power: First I would try to help young people to get the right start in life. I would try to hold up before them a \u201cstandard of manhood\u201d that would withstand the test of time! Second, and just as important, I wanted to try to help the nations of the world settle their disputes in a more sensible and legal manner than by war.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Source:<\/a>

Source: Torch and Trefoil, December 1960<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

2. The quote below implies Horton\u2019s acknowledgement of the reality that pervades the world even today, and it is \u2013 regardless of the root causes, which are largely overlooked by mankind \u2013 wars are triggered by groups based on differences in affiliation to race or ethnicity, to nationality, and to belief systems (creed, religion, ideology, etc.), among others, and the distrust, suspicion, or animosity that accompanies this difference.<\/p>\n

\u201cDuring the Summer of my Junior year, I became Associate Camp Director at Camp Weygadt, Easton Boy Scout camp near the Delaware Water Gap. Here I was impressed with the religious tolerance in the hearts of boys \u2013 this I had not found so easily among older people. Scouts of the Catholic, Jewish and Protestant faiths worked together in everything at camp, except that, because of their dietary laws, the Jewish troop had separate meals, and everyone had an opportunity to worship on their Sabbath in their own way.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Source:<\/a>

Source: Torch & Trefoil, December 1960<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

3. In the two successive quotes below, Horton goes on to explain his belief that, if only people and their leaders carried in their hearts and minds the twelve values or traits that are found on the Scout Law, and also those on the Scout Oath \u2013 which to Horton are among the highest form of ideals \u2013 unneccessary war and bloodshed can be averted, whether at the international, national, or local level. And this can be done if \u2013 carrying this standard of manhood \u2013 men and women \u201cfind more constructive and peaceful ways of settling their disputes.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThrough these experiences I became aware of two things; I found in the Scout Oath and Law what I had been seeking \u2013 a standard of manhood that would withstand the test of time; ideals that had been created and accepted by some of the greatest leaders the world has ever known.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cMy thoughts went beyond these ideas. I knew that college graduates became national and international leaders. I believe that with chapters of this organization in the colleges of the nations of the world, national and international leaders would be motivated by these ideals and would not be satisfied with war as a solution for international disputes. I wanted men to find more constructive and peaceful ways of settling their disputes.\u201d<\/p>\n

Of course, this is easier said than done. First, few among us will ever get to be national and international leaders. Second, \u201cit takes two to tango.\u201d Third, we cannot promote this particular expression of Friendship by simply smiling, or (in the case of APO Phils members) inviting a perceived “enemy” over to a bar and have “fellowship” with. But we don’t necessarily need to be national or international leaders to make a difference in peace and conflict scenarios. We just simply have to be APO. And more specifically, a specific skill set for actually promoting Friendship is required. That will be discussed later.<\/p>\n

4. On the quote below, which Horton wrote on the March 1929 issue of The Lightbearer, he shared his vision of what Alpha Phi Omega, will look like. More particularly, he shared the \u201cmotivating idea\u201d which is supposed to drive Alpha Phi Omega to the future.<\/p>\n

\u201cAlpha Phi Omega is destined to be one of the greatest college fraternities in the world because it has as its foundation the highest ideals of the ages, the most perfect standard the generations have been able to produce, a standard accepted by all nations, all religions and all people, where the MOTIVATING IDEA is TO LOOK for the GOOD and TRY to DO GOOD to everyone regardless of who or what belief\u2026.\u201d (The Lightbearer, March 1929)<\/p>\n

\"Source<\/a>

Source of Quote: The Lightbearer, March 1929<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Looking for the Good in Others<\/span><\/p>\n

Now, let me take out that key component phrase of that last quote which stuck out the most for me: \u201cWhere the motivating idea is to look for the good and try to do good to everyone regardless of who or what belief.\u201d \u2013 Here is the core and the very standard of the Cardinal Principle of Friendship. Plain and simple.<\/p>\n

BUT\u2026 that\u2019s easier said than done. Indeed, how can his brain-child, Alpha Phi Omega, help the nations of the world \u201csettle their disputes in a more sensible and legal manner than war\u201d, when even at the individual and inter-group level within the fraternal circle, members and groups could not even settle their own disputes? Worse, they have \u201cextreme difficulty\u201d in looking for the good in others and trying to do good to others.. even if others are so wrong and so bad. More likely, it is the tendency for APO members to look for the bad in others and then judge them for that. As to how we came to carry this ersatz set of values as APO members, that is another story to talk about, for another time. The bottom line is, we are waaay off the mark if we are to measure ourselves on whether we have been sincerely practicing what has been originally preached by FRH and what we are preaching now to our pledges and to the world about who and what we are as individual APO.<\/p>\n

By \u201clooking for the good and try to do good\u201d is not only about the \u201cGood Turn\u201d Principle. Looking for the good in everyone and doing good to everyone\u201d means that the individual APO is required to carry that set of values and the attitude AND the basic skills to resolve disputes or conflicts in such a manner that the ISSUE is not only resolved, BUT\u00a0ALSO the POSITIVE\u00a0RELATIONSHIP, or spirit of fraternalism and friendship, between disputing parties is preserved or even strengthened in the process. Case in point: how many person-to-person conflicts (inside and outside APO) has the average individual APO resolved? How many inter-group conflicts inside the campus has the average APO chapter resolved? How many community disputes has the average APO AA resolved?\u00a0At all three levels, how many of these disputes have been resolved where both issue and relationship are addressed? We dont need to be the school guidance counselor or the community’s Lupong Tagapamayapa to assume this role. If you are an APO, it is your sworn duty to assume this role. You made your oath to do this 24\/7 on the day of your initiation rituals.<\/p>\n

Yes, it is difficult to do, but it is what Horton has in mind for us – his successors – to do. He does not want World War III to ever happen. That was why he founded Alpha Phi Omega, so that he can multiply himself in a global scale and try to\u00a0stop conflicts big and small from happening. Tall order? Yes. Definitely. But we have sworn to follow his footsteps. Not because we hero-worship the founder, but because we have committed to embody the ideals of that very ssame organization FRH has founded. So we better \u201clevel up\u201d on Friendship.<\/p>\n

Friendship Development\u00a0\u2013 Conflict Resolution <\/span><\/p>\n

While \u201cLeadership\u201d has been expanded by APO USA through APO LEADS and APO IMPACT in order to grasp both its conceptual and operational aspects, \u201cFriendship\u201d has until the present time been the least explained of the three Cardinal Principles. With the exception of the several articles published on the Torch and Trefoil of APO-USA on Friendship, Friendship and Service, and Brotherhood, more often than not, is simply explained rhetorically as \u201cbrotherhood, fellowship through social activities, and fraternalism\u201d by the fellow APO beside you. There is nothing wrong there. But we must realize that, while it is one story to make friends and gain brotherhood, it is another story to maintain it. Conflict is natural. Conflict is embedded in all human relationships. Conflict is dynamic. So, how do we promote friendship despite all the conflict?<\/p>\n

As universally explained in several APO documents and websites, Friendship through brotherhood\/sisterhood and fraternalism within the APO, is about \u201coverlooking differences and emphasize similarities as we join together in unselfish service\u201d. However, it is a stark reality that in the context of APO Phils., this ideal standard is very difficult to attain and maintain. Look at us now and how strained is the relationship that we have with each other. We could not even embody that \u201canecdotal\u201d explanation of Friendship. Brotherhood and fraternalism has lost its meaning. They have become words without substance. It cannot be carried, even by some of the most active and most senior members of our fraternity.<\/p>\n

Promoting Friendship (brotherhood and fraternalism) is not something that appears out of nowhere simply because we all have undergone \u201cthe same rite of passage\u201d in Alpha Phi Omega. It most certainly will not appear from out of a bottle of beer, rhum, or gin sitting in the middle of a table surrounded by drunk APO members. It is not supposed to be a small set of words that \u201cfly with the wind\u201d as quickly as the breath of the speaker can say them. There is supposed to be a system to maintain and even strengthen Friendship. First within the circle, and then later on, to the greater outside world as envisioned by Frank Reed Horton.<\/p>\n

How can we do this? Here\u2019s how it goes: There is a difference between acknowledging or realizing diversity and working to move past diversity. Aside from having that individual (or group) uniqueness as a creation (creations) of God, each individual APO has a unique set of perspectives in life, brought about by one\u2019s upbringing, environment and kind of education. When interacting with other individual persons or APOs, he or she brings that unique personal identity and perspective to the fore. If this happens as part of a sharing process, then all is well. That is peace at work. However, when one\u2019s (or one group\u2019s) uniqueness or set of perspectives are brought to the fore with the intent of \u201cinsisting\u201d it on others, disagreement will definitely take place as a natural occurrence. If this divergence of perceptions is not levelled-off for purposes of mutual enlightenment at an early stage of the interaction, where both parties mutually acknowledge the difference of the other, the disagreement can deteriorate to become a \u201cdispute\u201d, and then becomes \u201cdiscord\u201d and then becomes \u201cantagonism\u201d or \u201cantagonistic conflict\u201d and then to \u201cviolent conflict\u201d, as the feeling of anger deteriorates to rage. All these various stages constitute what is called \u201cconflict\u201d. And like fire, such is the potential damage and the life cycle of conflict. Though conflict is natural and embedded in all human relationships, what is being avoided here is the \u201cantagonistic\u201d form of conflict, where people attack each other\u2019s person (argumentum ad hominem), instead of heatedly discussing about the issue or disagreement at hand in the hopes of looking for an agreed solution. This leads to unresolved issues, sense of woundedness, and broken relationships.<\/p>\n

Potentially antagonistic conflict can be averted properly, and friendship inside and outside the fraternal circle can be promoted effectively if an individual has the skills to properly respond to the conflict. These skills are collectively called Conflict Resolution Skills, or Dispute Resolution Skills. If an APO member has been trained early on with basic Conflict Resolution Skills, that APO member can respond in a timely fashion to a brewing disagreement which may lead to a violent conflict, whether inside the campus, in family life, or in professional life. An APO member thereby becomes an effective promoter of Friendship by practical application, and more importantly, is one more step closer to that expression of the vision of Frank Reed Horton on Friendship.<\/p>\n

There are a few basic skills related to one\u2019s ability to resolve conflict. Among these are:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Communication Skills (how to convey the message and thought 100%)<\/li>\n
  2. Negotiation Skills (how to peacefully agree to solve a common dispute)<\/li>\n
  3. Conciliation Skills (how to start bringing two antagonistic persons \/ parties to the negotiation phase)<\/li>\n
  4. Mediation Skills (Peer Mediation for college students \u2013 how to mediate between to disputing persons \/ groups)<\/li>\n
  5. Dialogue-ing Skills (how to use openness, wonder, and respect as foundations for a peaceful and sober exchange of divergent ideas)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    These five (5) skills, over and above \u201carbitration\u201d (imposing rules and laws over disputing parties to resolve issues, but not caring about relationships), uphold the essence of Friendship. Because when properly executed, the APO member who is resolving the conflict will be able to BOTH resolve the issue, and\u00a0PRESERVE the relationship\u00a0of the parties in conflict from deteriorating, and perhaps, even improve it. These skills can be trained to an APO member. As he or she lives his or her college life and moves on to professional life. He or she has the ability to actually diffuse potentially antagonistic conflicts. If conflict resolution skills training is inculcated to the young APO member, he or she now has it within his or her power to actually promote Friendship, not only within the fraternal circle of Alpha Phi Omega, but also in the greater circle of humanity.<\/p>\n

    If we can do this, we are one step closer to that vision of Frank Reed Horton, where Alpha Phi Omega and its members can hoist up \u201ca standard of manhood accepted by all nations, all religions and all people, where the MOTIVATING IDEA is TO LOOK for the GOOD and TRY to DO GOOD to everyone regardless of who or what belief,\u201d and through Alpha Phi Omega and its members, \u201cto find more constructive and peaceful ways of settling disputes.\u201d It is fulfilling to live the life that Frank Reed Horton has envisioned for us.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Peacemaking, peacebuilding, peacekeeping (the \u201cno-guns\u201d kind), peace advocacy, active non-violence. Though each one has a nuance, they basically belong to the same field of endeavor: PEACE WORK. Regardless of the variations, peace is BOTH the process and the end result. As Mahatma Gandhi had said, \u201cThere is no way to peace. Peace is the way.\u201d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3578,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[207],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-inspirational"],"yoast_head":"\nPEACE WORK: Frank Reed Horton\u2019s Vision for FRIENDSHIP - APO PHILIPPINES<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/apo.org.ph\/?p=3574\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PEACE WORK: Frank Reed Horton\u2019s Vision for FRIENDSHIP - APO PHILIPPINES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Peacemaking, peacebuilding, peacekeeping (the \u201cno-guns\u201d kind), peace advocacy, active non-violence. 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